有人断言说：“未来社会，90%的人，由于过度放纵欲望，可能会像蛆一样地活着，他们没有能力改变自己，约束自己，而是沉醉在短暂的快感中，直至丧失自己。”
这句听起来毛骨悚然的话，却是现实的真实写照。
当人们面对各种诱惑，控制不住自己的时候；当大家面对万花筒一样的世界，放纵欲望的时候，我们还能好吗？
人平均一生的寿命是78年。
睡觉占据了人生1/3的时间，工作占据了10.5年，花在社交媒体、看电视的时间9.5年，再去除日常吃喝拉撒的时间，留给自己主动支配的时间，其实只有短短9年。
真正拉开人与人之间差距的，就是可支配的时间里，你所做的事。
如果我们甘愿沦为碎片化娱乐的俘虏，让无节制的感官享受淹没自己，就离废掉不远了。
别让娱乐至死，毁掉你的人生
之前有个微博热搜，一个印度16岁男孩连续吃鸡6小时后心搏停止，医生抢救无效死亡。
据家人描述，男孩非常沉迷这个游戏，强制把游戏删除后他就绝食抗议，家人呼吁政府能禁止该游戏。
但从本质上说，毁人的从来不是游戏，而是没有节制的欲望。
娱乐至死的时代，获得短期快感太容易了。
我们所有时间都能被碎片式的信息所吞噬。
《2019新线消费市场人群洞察报告》中，报告覆盖人群达6.4亿。其中有4.48亿人使用短视频。
以某短视频app为例，用户日均使用时长超过一小时，次数为8.4次。
睡前抖音熬半宿，早上头条看世界。刷剧刷微博，玩完王者又马上奔赴“吃鸡”战场。
不论在地铁、商场还是餐厅，都能抱着一部手机哈哈傻乐。
知乎上有个问题，有哪些年轻人千万不能碰的东西？
高票回答是这样的——
“年轻人千万不要碰的东西之一，便是能获得短期快感的软件。它们会在不知不觉中偷走你的时间，消磨你的意志力，摧毁你向上的勇气。”
2017年，厦门市中医院眼科接诊了一位20岁的大二女生，这个女生来的时候，右眼视力几乎丧失，只剩下光感。
医生检查后发现，这位女生得了急性视神经乳头炎，一问才知道，最近两个月这位女生天天抱着手机聊微信，一聊就是一晚上，由于眼睛过劳，才导致眼病。
娱乐至死，不仅会消磨斗志透支未来，更可怕的是，一旦一个人沉溺于官能刺激，迷失在廉价低质的快乐中，信仰就很难撼动他，道德再难刺激他，甚至利益也无法鞭策他。
陕西一位14岁女孩，半夜在被窝里拿着从同学处借来的手机玩游戏，不料被醒来的弟弟发现。
因为担心弟弟向父母告状，女孩竟然残忍地将弟弟杀死。
还有一个中学生在眼镜店里暴打妈妈，只因为妈妈在拿收据单时，挡了一下他的手机屏幕。
抖音也好，游戏也罢，看似填满了空白无聊的生活，实际却是以刺激性的精神鸦片，占据你的时间，让你在不知不觉中丧失思考能力。
长此以往，你的精神沉迷各种诱惑，只剩一具脑袋空空、沉浸于感官娱乐的空壳。
纵欲，正在榨干中国年轻人
之前的网上有个段子：
“是什么让你天天见到凌晨四点的深圳？是事业吗，是爱情吗？”
“不，是抖音。”
尼尔·波兹曼在《娱乐至死》中说：“毁掉我们的不是我们所憎恨的东西，而恰恰是我们所热爱的东西。”
放纵的目的是为了快乐，但放纵的结果往往不会快乐。
朋友A有过半年的自我放纵期。
每天睡到下午两点开始吃饭。十几秒刷完一个短视频，二十分钟打完一把游戏，一小时看完一本爽文，几分钟就能外卖平台上下单。凌晨四点还清醒着舍不得放下手机。
这期间他患过严重的肠胃炎和胆囊炎，经常性头疼。午夜躺在床上心跳加速，有一种随时猝死的感觉。
而想看的书，想做的事，想健的身，到头来一个都没有做。这些碎片化时间像一个无比大的黑洞吞噬了他的时间，让他的大脑变得麻木迟钝。
他的状态就像大多数人的生活缩影。一边熬着夜，一边害怕猝死；一边疯狂吸入外卖、宵夜，一边掩耳盗铃式地提醒自己要养生，要减肥。
看视频，刷明星八卦，玩游戏都是一种输入。但只有当你开始输出的时候，你的投入才会通过大脑的思考和逻辑，内化成对你来说有价值的东西。
填鸭式的输入，完全为零的输出，只会带来虚幻的成就与满足。
比起当下的快乐，彷徨、徘徊、痛不欲生持续的时间更为长久。
一旦这些低密度，高反馈的东西充斥大脑，被舒适圈所绑架，稍微有难度的事，你都会望而却步。懒惰久了，稍微努力一下就以为自己在拼命。
社会学家芭芭拉将快乐进行了划分，分为消耗型的快乐和补充型的快乐。
他在底层卧底8年后，发现越是处于底层的人，越是会用一种消耗型的方式来寻求快乐，比如肥皂剧、毒品、电子游戏。
越是处于高层次的人，越是会用一种补充型的方式来寻求快乐，比如跑步、阅读、学习。
哲学电影《喜马拉雅》有一句很有名的话，“当有两条路让你选择时，能够到达圣城的就是最难的那一条。”
所以，真正的快乐绝不是源于放肆的欲望，而是克制且向上的成长驱动。
走得太舒服的路，都是下坡路
电影《就这样，我们把金鱼放入了泳池》里，4名女中学生在学校的泳池投放了400条金鱼，在小镇里闹得满城风雨。
她们每日的生活围绕着KTV，流行偶像，街头混混，她们称自己“生而为行尸走肉”。
其中一个少女说，“这个镇子的人把生命花在商场、家里和酒吧里。他们真是‘积极得可怕’。
少女和小镇人们遵从本能地活着。
一旦屈从投降于这如死水般的生活，人生只会剩下无尽的空虚。
只有敢于打破，才有可能获得真正的救赎。
美国首席大法官说：“拥有美好人生的一个最好途径，就是不要试图过轻松的人生。”
村上春树连续35年早上4点半起床，晚上九点睡觉，雷打不动。
巴菲特80%的时间都在读书，平均一天要读500页，号称“移动的图书馆。”
30多岁的扎克伯格，资产已经达到4600亿，他的人生中，平均每天能赚4000万。
为什么我们每天赚400块就已经心力憔悴，而有人却能搞定4000万？
差距可能在运气，在天资，更可能在于，你对自己够不够狠。
记得电视剧《奋斗》中有一句台词：“年轻人就是要有那么一点傲气。如果连自己的路都不敢走的话，那叫没出息。”
如何让自己逃离垃圾快乐的捆绑？
警惕这些事：
只接受碎片化的信息，不进行系统完整的梳理与思考。
沉迷短期成就感，不作长期投入。刷抖音微博能获得短期成就感，但你更需要把时间精力投入到运动、学习这些事中。
没有勇气尝试新事物，无法走出“舒适区”。怕苦怕累怕失败，只安于现状。
被外界的琐事占据大部分时间，对人生没有明确规划，每天筋疲力尽却没有实质性进步。
生活习惯毫无节制。饮食无节，饮酒无度，沉迷游戏，不懂控制欲望。
既然决定要认真过好这一生，就要像刀尖舞者一样，在举步维艰中舞出最绚烂的姿态。
来源：知乎
什么是人？欲望满身。
现在的年轻人们，似乎正在完美的诠释这句话的奥义。
贪欲：追求简单的快感，短视频、影视剧一刷就是一整晚；
贪吃：生冷、油腻、辛辣……一切重口味的食物来者不拒；
贪睡：钟爱熬夜，半夜不睡觉，清晨不早起；
贪闲：追求清闲自在，偷懒、拖延、贪图享受。
只追求瞬间的肉体或精神欲望的满足，却无法承担满足过后的后果。
每一个心浮气躁的瞬间，都是欲望在蠢蠢欲动。
我们不是被短视频毁掉的一代，也不是被外卖、奶茶、重口味毁掉的一代……而是被自身欲望所拖垮的一代。
年轻人，不要再纵欲过度了！
01
“短视频上瘾”，似乎已经成为当下年轻人普遍的生活现状。
花在手机上的时间越来越多，现实世界的人情越来越淡漠，不光不爱发朋友圈了，连点赞都省去了。
我们从原来的“点赞之交”，到彻底失去了交集。
网络世界里，不认识的陌生人也给点个赞，遇到好看的小哥哥小姐姐更是恨不得把手机戳烂。
而现实中，宁愿抱着手机刷一整晚，也懒得和许久不见的朋友相互问候寒暄。
以前我们彻夜畅谈，如今我们抱着各自的手机，忙里偷“闲”地为自己灌输一堆又一堆的精神废品。
可然后呢？
精神欲望被满足之后随之而来的是莫大的空虚，“凌晨2点”这个数字正肆无忌惮地嘲笑你今天又是虚度。
今天透支明天，明天透支后天……忽视了现实世界的美好，每一天都在网络世界里“纵欲过度”。
最近，有很多视频软件开始推出“防沉迷”系统。
“每日使用时长将限定为累计40分钟；22时至次日6时期间，禁止使用。”
可是需要防沉迷的，岂止是那些没有自制力的孩子，还有那些看起来完全可以约束自己的大人！
连欲望都控制不住，又如何控制人生？
02
比起精神欲望，肉体欲望更难控制。
张嘉佳书中写道，你的欲望，决定着你说话或者做事的方式与途径。
因为对美食难以割舍的欲望，所以便养成了现在人极为不健康的饮食习惯。
有句话说，中国近三十年来最大的变化之一，就是越来越重口味。
做菜加盐加辣，比起食材本身，调味品的味道更能刺激味蕾；
懒得做饭就以外卖为主食，麻辣香锅、麻辣烫、麻辣拌、酸辣粉轮着来；
偶尔聚餐更少不了烧烤、火锅、炸鸡、麻小这样重油、重辣的食物才让人食欲大振……
长此以往，口腹之欲满足了，身体却负荷不了了。
长沙有一个20岁的姑娘因为身体不适去医院检查，一查才发现自己竟然是结肠癌晚期。
“不想吃清淡的，嘴里没味儿。”“把麻辣烫当主食了，基本不怎么吃饭！”……
自从进大学来，她就很少吃米饭、水果，反倒把零食和街边小吃当作主食。薯片、辣条、方便面……还有辛辣滚烫的麻辣烫更是最爱。
可是这类重口味食物中不仅盐分含量大量超标；
加工肉类、油炸食品中含有大量亚硝酸盐等对身体有害的物质；
更有无良商家为了食物保鲜，用福尔马林浸泡食材……
我们看在眼中的是珍馐美味，可吃到嘴里之后，就是一碗慢性毒药。
如今，癌症发病的年轻化日趋严重。
医院调查发现每10个癌症患者中就有2个不满30岁的年轻人，更别提肥胖、糖尿病、高血压等“隐性疾病”。
民以食为天，割舍不掉对美味的追求是人的本性，但是对重口味食物的贪欲，就是在摧毁身体。
痛苦，正是来自于内心的欲望。一个人只有认清贪欲，才不会毁于贪欲。
03
去年年末陪朋友去医院做检查，医生说的一句话让我至今印象深刻。
“你三十几岁的人，却有个六七十岁的身体。”
我这个朋友完全是个夜猫子，因为嫌青岛夜生活太短特意搬家去了广州。
在那里简直算是放飞了自我，下班之后能和楼下老大爷下象棋下到半夜，也能凌晨12点出现在某个酒吧的生日pa，有一次4点给我发来消息，说他明天不上班现在要去喝早茶。
我正疑惑这人转了性了起这么早，人家那边回了一条“想啥呢，通宵了呗”。
熬夜一时爽，一直熬夜一直爽。
可是爽完之后，身体机能也在迅速崩快，心跳加快、呼吸困难、头晕……等一系列的症状都是身体在反抗。
好在那次检查之后敲响了他心里的警钟，按时睡觉，规整作息，身体状况才有所好转。
后来我们一起约饭，他像换了一个人一样跟我感慨：
“以前一直不知道，早上六点钟的日出原来那么绚烂，拉开窗帘，阳光真的是一下子洒进屋子里……”
大家不妨问一下自己，“你有多久没看到清晨的日出了？”
没有见过早晨6点钟的太阳，又怎知其实生活有很多的美？可我们总是因为懒惰和借口而错过。
半夜亢奋，想要熬夜也是一种欲望，但是为了身体你需要去克服它。
只有能够控制自己欲望，才能发现生活的另一面，才意味着掌控了生活的主动权。
04
不论何时，不要对事物有太大的“野心”。
知道刷短视频是虚度时光，就及时停下来；
知道吃重口味的食物有危害，就多食清淡；
知道熬夜对身体不好，就按时休息，改变生活方式……
最近看了一档综艺，一个热爱健身的艺人向朋友传授自己健康之道：
“这世界很美好，需要长长久久地享受才行。难道我们只吃到60岁就不吃了吗？哪怕年纪到70、80、90、100岁的时候，也要享受美食，所以才要健康。”
是啊，爱就是克制，不论任何事物，都因克制而长久。
《樱桃小丸子》里有句话很有道理：梦想要伟大，欲望要克制。
如果连控制自己的能力都没有，又怎么可能做好其他事呢？
韩寒的书中写道：只要控制自己的欲望，原本缺少的东西也可以变得很多。
用自律去鞭策自己，想要长长久久的享受这美味人间，想要和过去的自己告别，就应该用有节制方式去克服自身贪欲。
希望未来你的人生，不要再被欲望支配。
年轻人，别再“纵欲过度”了！
本文作者：南木大叔，
Everything you think you know about addiction is wrongJohann HariOne of my earliest memories is of trying to wake up one of my relatives and not being able to. And I was just a little kid, so I didn't really understand why, but as I got older, I realized we had drug addiction in my family, including later cocaine addiction.
我早年间的一个回忆就是试图去叫醒一个亲戚，但却叫不醒他。我当时只是一个小孩，所以我不明白为什么，但随着年龄的增长，我意识到家里有人XD上瘾了，包括后来的可卡因瘾。
I'd been thinking about it a lot lately, partly because it's now exactly 100 years since drugs were first banned in the United States and Britain, and we then imposed that on the rest of the world.
我最近一直在想这件事，部分原因是现在距离美国和英国首次禁止DP已经整整100年了，然后我们也将这一项禁令推广到了全世界。It's a century since we made this really fateful decision to take addicts and punish them and make them suffer, because we believed that would deter them;
我们做这一项生死攸关的决定已经有一个世纪了，让瘾君子受到惩罚，让他们受苦，因为我们相信这会阻止他们；
it would give them an incentive to stop. And a few years ago, I was looking at some of the addicts in my life who I love, and trying to figure out if there was some way to help them. And I realized there were loads of incredibly basic questions I just didn't know the answer to, like, what really causes addiction? Why do we carry on with this approach that doesn't seem to be working, and is there a better way out there that we could try instead?
这会激励他们停止XD。几年前，我看着那些在我身边的至亲，饱受毒瘾困扰，我想知道是否有办法帮助他们。我意识到有许多难以置信的问题，我不知道如何回答。比如，是什么导致上瘾？为什么我们要继续采取这种似乎行不通的做法，还有没有更好的办法可以取而代之呢？ So I read loads of stuff about it, and I couldn't really find the answers I was looking for, so I thought, okay, I'll go and sit with different people around the world who lived this and studied this and talk to them and see if I could learn from them. And I didn't realize I would end up going over 30,000 miles at the start, but I ended up going and meeting loads of different people, from a transgender crack dealer in Brownsville, Brooklyn, to a scientist who spends a lot of time feeding hallucinogens to mongooses to see if they like them
--所以我读了很多关于它的资料，然而却无法找到我想要的答案，所以我想，好吧，那就去见见那些世界上各种以此为生的人和研究这些问题的专家，和他们聊聊看是否能够从他们中找到答案。我一开始没想到自己最后竟然一走就是30,000多英里，但最终我遇到了很多不同的人，从布鲁克林布朗斯维尔的一个变性人DF，到一个花了很多时间给猫鼬喂食迷幻药的科学家，看它们是否对此感兴趣—
Everything you think you know about addiction is wrongJohann HariOne of my earliest memories is of trying to wake up one of my relatives and not being able to. And I was just a little kid, so I didn't really understand why, but as I got older, I realized we had drug addiction in my family, including later cocaine addiction.我早年间的一个回忆就是试图去叫醒一个亲戚，但却叫不醒他。我当时只是一个小孩，所以我不明白为什么，但随着年龄的增长，我意识到家里有人XD上瘾了，包括后来的可卡因瘾。 I'd been thinking about it a lot lately, partly because it's now exactly 100 years since drugs were first banned in the United States and Britain, and we then imposed that on the rest of the world. 我最近一直在想这件事，部分原因是现在距离美国和英国首次禁止DP已经整整100年了，然后我们也将这一项禁令推广到了全世界。It's a century since we made this really fateful decision to take addicts and punish them and make them suffer, because we believed that would deter them;我们做这一项生死攸关的决定已经有一个世纪了，让瘾君子受到惩罚，让他们受苦，因为我们相信这会阻止他们； it would give them an incentive to stop. And a few years ago, I was looking at some of the addicts in my life who I love, and trying to figure out if there was some way to help them. And I realized there were loads of incredibly basic questions I just didn't know the answer to, like, what really causes addiction? Why do we carry on with this approach that doesn't seem to be working, and is there a better way out there that we could try instead?这会激励他们停止XD。几年前，我看着那些在我身边的至亲，饱受毒瘾困扰，我想知道是否有办法帮助他们。我意识到有许多难以置信的问题，我不知道如何回答。比如，是什么导致上瘾？为什么我们要继续采取这种似乎行不通的做法，还有没有更好的办法可以取而代之呢？ So I read loads of stuff about it, and I couldn't really find the answers I was looking for, so I thought, okay, I'll go and sit with different people around the world who lived this and studied this and talk to them and see if I could learn from them. And I didn't realize I would end up going over 30,000 miles at the start, but I ended up going and meeting loads of different people, from a transgender crack dealer in Brownsville, Brooklyn, to a scientist who spends a lot of time feeding hallucinogens to mongooses to see if they like them --所以我读了很多关于它的资料，然而却无法找到我想要的答案，所以我想，好吧，那就去见见那些世界上各种以此为生的人和研究这些问题的专家，和他们聊聊看是否能够从他们中找到答案。我一开始没想到自己最后竟然一走就是30,000多英里，但最终我遇到了很多不同的人，从布鲁克林布朗斯维尔的一个变性人DF，到一个花了很多时间给猫鼬喂食迷幻药的科学家，看它们是否对此感兴趣—— it turns out they do, but only in very specific circumstances -- to the only country that's ever decriminalized all drugs, from cannabis to crack, Portugal. And the thing I realized that really blew my mind is, almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong, and if we start to absorb the new evidence about addiction, I think we're going to have to change a lot more than our drug policies.结果是它们确实对此感兴趣，但只有在非常特殊的情况下，葡萄牙是唯一一个将所有DP从大麻到DP都合法化的国家。而真正让我震惊的是，几乎所有我们认为我们知道的关于上瘾的事情都是错误的，如果我们开始挖掘关于上瘾的新证据，我认为我们得改变包括DP政策在内的许多东西。 But let's start with what we think we know, what I thought I knew. Let's think about this middle row here. Imagine all of you, for 20 days now, went off and used heroin three times a day. Some of you look a little more enthusiastic than others at this prospect. (Laughter) Don't worry, it's just a thought experiment. Imagine you did that, right? What would happen?但让我们先从我们认识的，我之前所以为的开始。让我们想想这中间一排。想象你们从今天开始的20天，每天吸食海洛因三次。有些人听到这看起来比较兴奋啊。别担心，这只是一个假想试验。想象你那样做了，对吧？会发生什么？ Now, we have a story about what would happen that we've been told for a century. We think, because there are chemical hooks in heroin, as you took it for a while, your body would become dependent on those hooks, you'd start to physically need them, and at the end of those 20 days, you'd all be heroin addicts. Right? That's what I thought.这样的后果——过去的一百年我们都是如此被告知的。我们认为，因为海洛因中有化学致瘾剂，当你服用一段时间后，你的身体就会对它形成依赖，你开始从生理上需要它，在这20天结束时，你们所有人都会海洛因上瘾。对吗？我过去也是这么想的。 First thing that alerted me to the fact that something's not right with this story is when it was explained to me. If I step out of this TED Talk today and I get hit by a car and I break my hip, I'll be taken to hospital and I'll be given loads of diamorphine. Diamorphine is heroin. It's actually much better heroin than you're going to buy on the streets, because the stuff you buy from a drug dealer is contaminated.让我警醒的第一件事是，我们过去一直认为的后果其实是错误的。如果我今天离开这个TED演讲，被车撞到，摔断了臀部，我会被送到医院，然后给我注射大量的二吗啡。二吗啡是海洛因。实际上海洛因比你在街上买的要好得多，因为你从DF那里买的东西被污染了。 Actually, very little of it is heroin, whereas the stuff you get from the doctor is medically pure. And you'll be given it for quite a long period of time. There are loads of people in this room, you may not realize it, you've taken quite a lot of heroin. And anyone who is watching this anywhere in the world, this is happening.实际上，只有一小部分是海洛因，而你从医生那里得到的东西在医学上是纯的。而且你还需要用上很长一段时间。这个房间里有很多人，你可能没有意识到，你吸食了很多海洛因。屏幕前面的各位也是一样，这已经发生了。 And if what we believe about addiction is right -- those people are exposed to all those chemical hooks -- What should happen? They should become addicts. This has been studied really carefully. It doesn't happen; you will have noticed if your grandmother had a hip replacement, she didn't come out as a junkie. (Laughter如果我们对上瘾的看法是正确的——那些人都暴露在化学致瘾剂前——那会发生什么呢？他们应该成为瘾君子。这项研究非常谨慎，你可能意识不到，当你的祖母换了一个髋关节后就成为了瘾君子。 And when I learned this, it seemed so weird to me, so contrary to everything I'd been told, everything I thought I knew, I just thought it couldn't be right, until I met a man called Bruce Alexander. He's a professor of psychology in Vancouver who carried out an incredible experiment I think really helps us to understand this issue. Professor Alexander explained to me, the idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story, comes partly from a series of experiments that were done earlier in the 20th century.当我知道这件事的时候，我觉得很奇怪，所以和别人告诉我的相反，我认为我知道的一切，我只是觉得这不可能是对的，直到我遇到一个叫布鲁斯·亚历山大的人。他是温哥华的一位心理学教授，进行了一项令人难以置信的实验，我认为这真的有助于我们理解这个问题。亚历山大教授向我解释说，我们脑子里都有上瘾的想法，这个故事，部分来自20世纪早期的一系列实验。 They're really simple. You can do them tonight at home if you feel a little sadistic. You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles: One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine. If you do that, the rat will almost always prefer the drug water and almost always kill itself quite quickly. So there you go, right? That's how we think it works. In the '70s, Professor Alexander comes along and he looks at this experiment and he noticed something.他们真的很简单。如果你觉得有点虐待狂，今晚你可以在家里试试看。你把一只老鼠放进笼子里，给它两瓶水：一瓶是水，另一瓶是掺有海洛因或可卡因的水。如果你这样做，老鼠几乎总是喜欢药水，而且几乎总是很快自杀。你们是这么想的，对吧？没错，我们就是这么认为的。在70年代，亚历山大教授出现了，他看着这个实验，发现了一些东西。 He said ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage. It's got nothing to do except use these drugs. Let's try something different. So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called "Rat Park," which is basically heaven for rats. They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls, they've got loads of tunnels. Crucially, they've got loads of friends.他说啊，我们把老鼠关在一个空笼子里。除了用这些药没什么关系。让我们试试别的。所以亚历山大教授建造了一个笼子，他称之为“老鼠公园”，这基本上是老鼠的天堂。他们有很多奶酪，有很多彩球，有很多隧道。最重要的是，他们有很多朋友。 They can have loads of sex. And they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water. But here's the fascinating thing: In Rat Park, they don't like the drug water. They almost never use it. None of them ever use it compulsively. None of them ever overdose. You go from almost 100 percent overdose when they're isolated to zero percent overdose when they have happy and connected lives.方便交配。它们也有两个杯子，装着普通的水和有DP的水。但有趣的是：在老鼠公园，它们并不喜欢有DP的水。它们基本上不喝。它们中没有出现不得不喝的老鼠，也没有过量服用的。当他们被隔离时，百分之百的都过量服用了DP，而当它们过着开心并与外界交往的生活时，服用DP的比例是零。 Now, when he first saw this, Professor Alexander thought, maybe this is just a thing about rats, they're quite different to us. Maybe not as different as we'd like, but, you know -- But fortunately, there was a human experiment into the exact same principle happening at the exact same time. It was called the Vietnam War.现在，当他第一次看到这个现象的时候，亚历山大教授想，也许这个只是老鼠的情况，它们和我们很不一样。也许与我们想象的不同，但是，你知道——恰好，有一个人类实验，基于同样的原理在同一时间发生了。它被称为越战。 In Vietnam, 20 percent of all American troops were using loads of heroin, and if you look at the news reports from the time, they were really worried, because they thought, my God, we're going to have hundreds of thousands of junkies on the streets of the United States when the war ends; it made total sense. Now, those soldiers who were using loads of heroin were followed home.在越南，20%的美军使用大量海洛因，如果你看看当时的新闻报道，他们真的很担心，因为他们认为，天哪，当战争结束时，我们会有成千上万的瘾君子在美国的大街上；这完全可能发生。现在，那些使用大量海洛因的士兵回家之后被继续跟踪。 The Archives of General Psychiatry did a really detailed study, and what happened to them? It turns out they didn't go to rehab. They didn't go into withdrawal. Ninety-five percent of them just stopped. Now, if you believe the story about chemical hooks, that makes absolutely no sense, but Professor Alexander began to think there might be a different story about addiction. He said, what if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks? What if addiction is about your cage? What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?《普通精神病学档案》做了一个非常详细的研究，结果怎么样？结果他们没有去戒毒所。他们也没有特意去戒掉毒瘾。95%的人就停止XD了。现在，如果你相信化学制瘾的解释，这根本讲不通，但是亚历山大教授开始认为，也许上瘾可以有另一种解释。他说，如果上瘾与化学制瘾物无关呢？如果上瘾是因为你的笼子呢？如果上瘾其实是一种对环境的适应呢？ Looking at this, there was another professor called Peter Cohen in the Netherlands who said, maybe we shouldn't even call it addiction. Maybe we should call it bonding. Human beings have a natural and innate need to bond, and when we're happy and healthy, we'll bond and connect with each other, but if you can't do that,看看接下来这个案例，荷兰另一位叫彼得·科恩的教授说，也许我们甚至不应该称之为上瘾。也许我们应该称之为依赖。人类有一种天生的和与生俱来的联结需要，当我们幸福健康的时候，我们会彼此联结和联系，但如果你做不到这一点， because you're traumatized or isolated or beaten down by life, you will bond with something that will give you some sense of relief. Now, that might be gambling, that might be pornography, that might be cocaine, that might be cannabis, but you will bond and connect with something because that's our nature. That's what we want as human beings.由于生活的创伤和隔离，你会依赖其他给你安慰的东西。现在，这可能是DB，可能是SQ，可能是可卡因，可能是大麻，但是你会和一些东西联系在一起，因为那是我们的本性。作为人类，这就是我们想要的。 And at first, I found this quite a difficult thing to get my head around, but one way that helped me to think about it is, I can see, I've got over by my seat a bottle of water, right? I'm looking at lots of you, and lots of you have bottles of water with you. Forget the drugs. Forget the drug war. Totally legally, all of those bottles of water could be bottles of vodka, right? We could all be getting drunk -- I might after this -- but we're not.一开始，我很难想通这件事，但有一个让我理解这件事的方法是，我能看到，我在座位边喝了一瓶水，对吧？我看着你们很多人，你们很多人带着水瓶。忘掉毒品吧。忘掉DP战争吧。假设一种合法的情况，所有这些瓶装水都可能是伏特加，对吧？之后我们可能都会喝醉了，但我们没有。 Now, because you've been able to afford the approximately gazillion pounds that it costs to get into a TED Talk, I'm guessing you guys could afford to be drinking vodka for the next six months. You wouldn't end up homeless. You're not going to do that, and the reason you're not going to do that is not because anyone's stopping you. It's because you've got bonds and connections that you want to be present for. You've got work you love. You've got people you love. You've got healthy relationships. And a core part of addiction, I came to think, and I believe the evidence suggests, is about not being able to bear to be present in your life.现在，因为你们能负担得起参加TED演讲所需的近百万英镑的费用，我猜你们也能负担得起接下来六个月喝伏特加的费用。你不会无家可归的。你不会那样做的，你不会那样做的原因不是因为有人阻止你。这是因为你有你想要展现的纽带和联系。你有你喜欢的工作。你有你爱的人。你有着健康的人际关系。而上瘾的核心，我认为，我坚信证据也在表明，那是对于现实生活的无奈。 Now, this has really significant implications. The most obvious implications are for the War on Drugs. In Arizona, I went out with a group of women who were made to wear t-shirts saying, "I was a drug addict," and go out on chain gangs and dig graves while members of the public jeer at them, and when those women get out of prison, they're going to have criminal records that mean they'll never work in the legal economy again.这对我们有着深远的启发。最明显的影响是对DP的战争。在亚利桑那州，我和一群妇女一起出去，她们被要求穿着写有“我是瘾君子”的T恤，被链子拴着一起挖坟墓，人们都取笑她们。当这些妇女出狱时，她们会有犯罪记录，这意味着她们再也不能从事合法经济活动。 Now, that's a very extreme example, obviously, in the case of the chain gang, but actually almost everywhere in the world we treat addicts to some degree like that. We punish them. We shame them. We give them criminal records. We put barriers between them reconnecting. There was a doctor in Canada, Dr. Gabor Maté, an amazing man, who said to me, if you wanted to design a system that would make addiction worse, you would design that system.当然，被铁链拴在一起使得这个例子有点极端，但事实上，几乎在世界的任何一个角落，我们在某种程度上都是这样对待瘾君子的。我们惩罚他们。我们让他们蒙羞。我们给他们记下犯罪记录。我们在他们重新与外界建立联系时施加阻碍。加拿大有个医生，加博·马特博士，一个了不起的人，他对我说，如果你想设计一个能让上瘾变得更严重的系统，你可以把系统设计成那样。 Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite, and I went there to see how it worked. In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe. One percent of the population was addicted to heroin, which is kind of mind-blowing, and every year, they tried the American way more and more. They punished people and stigmatized them and shamed them more, and every year, the problem got worse.现在，有一个地方决定做完全相反的事情，我去那里看看它是如何运作的。2000年，葡萄牙是欧洲DP问题最严重的国家之一。百分之一的人沉迷于海洛因，令人震惊，每年他们都尝试使用更加强硬的美式手段。他们不断惩罚瘾君子，诬蔑并羞辱他们，但是每年这个问题都变得更加严重。 And one day, the Prime Minister and the leader of the opposition got together, and basically said, look, we can't go on with a country where we're having ever more people becoming heroin addicts. Let's set up a panel of scientists and doctors to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem. And they set up a panel led by an amazing man called Dr. João Goulão, to look at all this new evidence, and they came back and they said, "Decriminalize all drugs from cannabis to crack, but" --有一天，首相和反对党领袖聚在一起，大概是说，我们再也不能这样继续下去了，那样全国会有越来越多的人海洛因上瘾。我们需要成立一个由科学家和医生组成的小组，找出真正能解决这个问题的方法。他们建立了一个由约翰·华谷劳博士领导的小组，重新研究这些新证据，最后他们说 “将DP合法化，不论是大麻还是DP，但是” and this is the crucial next step -- "take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off, on disconnecting them, and spend it instead on reconnecting them with society." And that's not really what we think of as drug treatment in the United States and Britain. So they do do residential rehab, they do psychological therapy, that does have some value. But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do: a massive program of job creation for addicts, and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.--最重要的一点--“撤回我们过去用来对付DY和用来隔离瘾君子的费用，用这些钱来帮助他们回到社会”这并不是我们认为的解决DY的方法，不论是在美国还是英国。”所以他们会住院，做心理治疗，那确实起到一定作用。但最重要的事是，那与我们过去做的完全不同：就是为瘾君子创立大量就业机会，以及为他们建立小企业提供小额贷款。 So say you used to be a mechanic. When you're ready, they'll go to a garage, and they'll say, if you employ this guy for a year, we'll pay half his wages. The goal was to make sure that every addict in Portugal had something to get out of bed for in the morning. And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal, what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose, they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society.假设你过去曾是一个机械工人。当你准备好了后，他们会去你工作的车库，说：“如果你们雇佣这个人满一年，他一半的薪水由我们来付。”我们的目标是确保葡萄牙的每个瘾君子在早上起床之后都有一些事情可做。当我去葡萄牙见那些瘾君子时，他们说，由于他们重新找到了目标，他们也重新找到了与外界社会的依赖和关系。 It'll be 15 years this year since that experiment began, and the results are in: injecting drug use is down in Portugal, according to the British Journal of Criminology, by 50 percent, five-zero percent. Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts. Addiction in every study is significantly down. One of the ways you know it's worked so well is that almost nobody in Portugal wants to go back to the old system.从实验开始到现在已经15年了，结果是：根据英国犯罪学杂志的报道，葡萄牙的注射DP使用率下降了50%，只有0.5%了。过量XD的状况大量减少，DP导致的艾滋病毒传播也在减少。每项研究的成瘾性都显著下降。你应该也猜得出，它运作良好的影响之一就是，在葡萄牙，几乎没有人愿意回到戒毒的旧体制。
温馨提示：注：内容来源均采集于互联网，不要轻信任何，后果自负，本站不承担任何责任。若本站收录的信息无意侵犯了贵司版权，请给我们来信(j7hr0a@163.com)，我们会及时处理和回复。
原文地址"纵欲，正在榨干4亿的中国年轻人"：http://www.guoyinggangguan.com/xedk/256193.html。
微信扫描二维码关注官方微信
▲长按图片识别二维码
