双语专访 | UNDP驻华代表白雅婷：与中国同行40余载共创惠及全人类的可持续未来

你知道吗？联合国开发计划署是改革开放以来首个与中国建立伙伴关系的联合国机构。

那么，自1979年在华成立代表处起，它与中国在哪些领域开展了合作？

2023年1月，《世界知识画报·外交视界》邀请联合国开发计划署（UNDP）驻华代表白雅婷女士为读者介绍UNDP与中国发展合作的共同成果。

In January 2023, World Affairs Pictorial · Foreign Affairs Horizon invited Ms. Beate Trankmann, the UNDP Resident Representative for China to introduce joint achievements in its development cooperation with China.

关于联合国开发计划署

About UNDP

联合国开发计划署是联合国机构之一，在170多个国家和地区开展工作，以可持续发展目标为基石，致力于消除贫困、减少不平等，使社会更具包容性并保护地球，确保改善人类福祉与保护生态双管齐下。同时，联合国开发计划署还协助各国政府制定政策，提升领导力、伙伴关系能力、机构能力和适应能力，以实现可持续发展目标。过去40多年间，联合国开发计划署始终走在与中国合作的最前沿，通过在地项目和支持中国参与全球合作，全面推动可持续发展目标的实现，助力中国政府在不同阶段的发展。

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), an agency of the United Nations, works in about 170 countries and territories, helping to end poverty, reduce inequalities and exclusion, as well as protect the planet, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Together, these efforts aim to ensure that improvements in human wellbeing remain within ecological boundaries. UNDP also helps countries to develop policies, leadership skills, partnering abilities and institutional capabilities, as well as build resilience, in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. UNDP has been working in China for over 40 years, partnering to advance various phases of China’s development. UNDP continues to be at the forefront of initiatives with China both to achieve the SDGs domestically and through China’s global cooperation.

白雅婷 (Beate Trankmann)

联合国开发计划署驻华代表

(UNDP Resident Representative in China)

白雅婷女士于2019年10月就任联合国开发计划署驻华代表。

Beate Trankmann took up her post as UNDP Resident Representative for China in October 2019.

白雅婷女士自20世纪90年代末起先后在联合国开发计划署担任多项职务，尤其在亚太地区有着丰富的发展实践经验。2015年8月至2019年9月，任联合国驻蒙古国协调员，兼联合国开发计划署驻蒙古国代表。2010至2015年，任联合国开发计划署驻印度尼西亚代表处国别主任；2005至2010年，任联合国开发计划署驻斯里兰卡代表处副代表，负责该国项目事务；2002至2005年，任联合国开发计划署驻柬埔寨代表处助理代表，负责民主治理工作；1999至2002年，任联合国开发计划署驻华代表处项目官员；1998至1999年，任联合国日内瓦办事处项目官员。在加入联合国开发计划署之前，白雅婷女士曾在布鲁塞尔知名智库欧洲亚洲问题研究所担任研究员，为欧盟机构就欧盟—亚洲关系有关事务提供政策指导。

Ms. Trankmann has had a diverse career with UNDP since the late 1990s, particularly in the Asia–Pacific region. Most recently she served as United Nations Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative for Mongolia from August 2015 to September 2019. She also served as the UNDP Country Director in Indonesia (2010-2015); Deputy Resident Representative in charge of Programme in Sri Lanka (2005-2010); Assistant Resident Representative responsible for democratic governance in Cambodia (2002-2005); and programme officer in China (1999-2002) and Geneva (1998-1999). Prior to joining UNDP, Ms. Trankmann was a research fellow at the European Institute for Asian Studies in Brussels, advising European Union institutions on EU–Asia relations.

白雅婷女士曾在法国、中国台湾和德国接受教育，在汉堡大学获得中国研究学士学位和政治学硕士学位。

Educated in France, China (Taiwan) and Germany, she holds a master’s degree in political science and a bachelor’s degree in China studies, both University of Hamburg.

2022年9月，白雅婷女士参加2022南南合作与服务贸易国际论坛并作主旨发言。

In September, 2022, Ms. Trankmann delivered a keynote speech at the 2022 International Forum on South–South Cooperation and Trade in Services.

在中国农历鼠年春节来临之际，白雅婷女士参观北京后海周边胡同，学习吹糖人，体验中国文化。

Ms. Trankmann visited the Hutongs around Houhai area in Beijing, learning sugar figurine blowing and experiencing Chinese traditional culture to celebrate the Chinese New Year 2020—Year of the Rat.

2021年5月,白雅婷女士参观成都大熊猫繁育研究基地。

In May, 2021, Ms. Trankmann visited the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

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与中国同行40余载

共创惠及全人类的可持续未来

Four Decades of Partnership with China to Build a Sustainable Future for All

文/《世界知识画报》记者杜持龙王彬彬

图/联合国开发计划署驻华代表处

Reporting by Du Chilong, Wang Binbin

Photos by UNDP China

联合国开发计划署（以下简称UNDP）1979年在华成立代表处，是改革开放以来首个与中国建立伙伴关系的联合国机构，您能否介绍过去43年来UNDP与中国在哪些领域开展了合作？已取得哪些成果？

UNDP established its office in China in 1979, becoming the first United Nations agency to establish a partnership with China since the Economic Reform and Opening Up. Could you introduce the fields that UNDP has cooperated with China over the past 43 years? What kinds of achievements have realized?

白雅婷：

40多年来， UNDP和中国一直携手努力消除贫困、保护环境以及改变人们的生活面貌。20世纪80年代初，我们帮助中国提高农业生产技术，并引进西兰花等新型农作物品种，丰富菜篮子与营养摄入，提高农民收入，同时协助开创中国第一批试点经济特区，以此加快改革开放的步伐。20世纪90年代初，我们支持公务员制度改革，并将小额信贷引入中国，为16个省的30万户家庭提供资金支持。我们还帮助130万人喝上了清洁饮用水。

For more than four decades, UNDP and China have worked together to fight poverty, protect the environment and transform lives. In the early 1980’s, we helped China to strengthen agricultural production, including introducing new crops, such as broccoli, to boost nutrition and farmers’ incomes, while also assisting in piloting Special Economic Zones that catalyzed China’s Reform and Opening Up. In the early 1990’s, we also supported the reform of China’s civil service and introduced microfinance to the country, providing access to finance to 300,000 households across 16 provinces. We also helped to bring clean drinking water to 1.3 million people.

20世纪80年代初，联合国开发计划署与北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心合作，引进新的蔬菜和农作物品种，以丰富菜篮子与营养摄入，并提高农民收入。

In the early 1980s, UNDP worked with the Vegetable Research Center in Beijing on introducing new crops and vegetables to boost nutrition and farmers’ incomes.

2007年,联合国开发计划署与中国国际经济技术交流中心和可口可乐公司共同启动水资源治理项目。项目运营至今已超过15年,惠及20多个省直辖市自治区的数千万人。图为广西壮族自治区U N D P水补偿项目点，技术人员定期维护输水管道。

In 2007, together with the China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges (CICETE) and Coca-Cola Company, UNDP launched the Water Governance Programme. For over 15 years, it has benefited millions of people in more than 20 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. The photo shows a technician maintaining water pipelines in a UNDP water compensation pilot site in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

此外， UNDP协助中国于2001年加入世贸组织，并帮助中国的制造业实现绿色转型，包括与中国国家发改委合作，推动照明行业的技术升级换代，用节能的LED灯取代白炽灯，从而减少了大约8%的全国能源消耗。我们还与有关部门合作，逐步淘汰在商用制冷剂和溶剂生产过程中对臭氧层有害的化学品，使中国每年减少8600吨以上含氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）消耗量，并减少了800万吨温室气体排放，相当于挪威每年排放量的1/6。[1]

Additionally, UNDP assisted with China’s admission to the WTO in 2001, as well as helping to green the country’s manufacturing. This included partnering with the NDRC to replace incandescent bulbs with energy-efficient LED bulbs across the lighting industry, which cut national energy consumption by 8 percent. We also worked with China to phaseout chemicals that are harmful for the ozone layer in commercial refrigerant and solvent production processes, cutting China’s hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) consumption by more than 8,600 tonnes per year and preventing 8 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. This is equal to about one sixth of Norway’s annual emissions.[1]

2009年7月，时任联合国秘书长潘基文在绿色照明项目签约仪式上致辞。该项目是由联合国开发计划署和国家发展和改革委员会共同发起，由全球环境基金提供支持，旨在促进中国照明行业使用节能灯替代白炽灯。

In July 2009, former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki–moon delivered a speech at the signing ceremony of the Green Lights Programme, a joint effort between UNDP and National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), with support from Global Environmental Facility (GEF), to replace in candes cent bulbs with energ yefficient LED bulbs across the lighting industry in China.

今天， UNDP在华的合作重点是加速2030可持续发展目标（SDGs）的实现，即消除贫困，减少不平等，确保我们的星球能够让子孙后代可持续生活。我们协助中国将可持续发展目标纳入其发展决策，推动向包容性、低碳经济和可持续社会转型，保护生物多样性和生态系统，并促进中国参与国际发展合作，从而推动全球可持续发展进程。

Today, our cooperation centres on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030: to end poverty, reduce inequality and ensure that our planet can sustain future generations. We assist China in integrating the SDGs into development decisions, promote the transition to an inclusive, low-carbon economy and a sustainable society, protect biodiversity and ecosystems, and inform China’s international development cooperation engagement to advance global progress on sustainable development.

您如何看待中国实现脱贫？UNDP在中国的脱贫攻坚过程中提供了哪些支持？

What’s your view on China’s ending absolute poverty, and are there any supports UNDP provided to China in its poverty alleviation?

白雅婷：

在过去40多年中，中国使7.7亿农村贫困人口摆脱贫困，[2] 占同期全球脱贫人口的3/4以上，取得了前所未有的成就。这对于可持续发展目标的目标一即在全球范围内消除极端贫困作出了重要贡献，同时也使中国在2021年实现了建成小康社会的目标。

In an unprecedented achievement, China has lifted more than 770 million people out of extreme rural poverty [2] over the last 40 years, accounting for almost three quarters of all people lifted out of poverty worldwide during that time. This made an important contribution to the global fight to end poverty, SDG 1, while enabling China to reach its goal of a moderately prosperous ‘Xiaokang’ society in 2021.

这一目标的实现，要感谢中国的长期愿景，即对消除贫困作出持续的政治承诺，并得到从村镇到省、各级政府自下而上的支持，以及对人力和资金的大量投入。在2012至2020年间，中国为减贫投入近1.6万亿元人民币（约合2,460亿美元），派出300多万名公务员到贫困和偏远地区落实工作，采取精准扶贫措施，确定每个村庄和家庭的贫困人口，以及必须解决的贫困问题，并对其进行量身定制的帮扶措施，以确保有效性。最后，加强基础设施建设，将农村与其他地区连接起来，使贫困地区获得服务、市场和机会的覆盖面更广。

This was possible thanks to a long-term vision with continuous political commitment to ending poverty, supported by a targeted, bottom-up approach involving every level of government, from provincial to village level, as well as considerable investments in human resources and funding. Between 2012 and 2020 alone, China has invested nearly 1.6 trillion yuan (about $ 246 billion USD) into poverty alleviation, while over 3 million civil servants were dispatched to poor and remote areas to offer on-the-ground support. Precision poverty alleviation measures were also applied to identify where the poor are and what deprivations must be addressed in every village and household, with tailormade interventions monitored to ensure their effectiveness. Finally, infrastructure development linked rural areas to the rest of the country, giving poor communities wider access to services, markets and opportunities.

20世纪90年代初，天津下岗女工樊冠营借助联合国开发计划署和中国政府合作的“扶助下岗女工再就业与创业项目”的小额贷款创办了“社区小饭桌”，帮助下岗工人再就业。

In early 1990s, Fan Guanying , a laid-off worker in Tianjin, set up the “Community Dining Table” with the microcredit loan received through the UNDP and Chinese government joint project to help laid-off workers with reemployment and job generation.

自1979年UNDP成为中国发展伙伴以来，减贫一直是我们的合作核心。我们在中国实施了123个扶贫项目，投入5.14亿美元，同时贡献国际知识和专业经验，通过试点项目探索新模式与新做法，通过政策建议协助相关部门将有效模式转化为政策，实现规模化影响。

Poverty alleviation has been central to our cooperation since 1979, when UNDP became a partner in China’s development. We have implemented 123 poverty alleviation projects in China, investing US$ 514 million, and contributed international knowledge and expertise, including by testing new concepts through pilot projects to inform policies for scaling up by the government.

例如， 2006年， UNDP与科技部开展科技特派员项目，旨在让农业技术人员扎根基层，通过帮助当地引进环境友好的先进农业技术，因地制宜地推动农村地区的发展。这个做法随后被大规模复制采用。从2008年起，每年有100万农民从中受益，年均收入增长10%。从2012至2014年，该项计划已扩展到31个省市自治区。

For example, in 2006, UNDP launched the Technical Taskforce (TTF) initiative together with Ministry of Science and Technology. It deployed technical experts to rural areas introducing new environmentally friendly agricultural technologies to local farmers and communities to enhance productivity. This became a blueprint for a sustainable development solution that was subsequently adopted by the Government to take it to scale. Since 2008, a million farmers have benefited every year, with their average annual incomes rising by 10 percent. Between 2012 and 2014, the programme was expanded to cover 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

作为联合国开发计划署与科技部合作开展的科技特派员（TTF）试点项目的受益人之一，63岁的天津蓟州区农户刘泽华自豪地展示他增产的蘑菇种植。

63-years-old Liu Zehua proudly displayed the increased output from his mushroom field in Jizhou District, Tianjin, a pilot site of the UNDP Technical Task Force (TTF) initiative established as a joint effort between UNDP and the Ministry of Science and Technology.

UNDP协助建立了中国国际扶贫中心（IPRCC），它是为发展中国家提供减贫和可持续发展方面培训的知识中心。我们还与中国在南南合作上密切合作，寻求在全球范围内加速消除贫困。

UNDP also helped to establish the International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC), a knowledge hub that offers training to developing countries on poverty reduction and sustainable development. We also work with China on its South-South Cooperation engagements to help accelerate poverty eradication globally providing international experience, best practice and standards.

2014年，在丹麦政府资金支持下， UNDP举办中国-加纳/赞比亚南南合作可再生能源技术转移项目培训班。

In 2014, UNDP organized a training workshop under the China–Ghana/Zambia South–South Cooperation on Renewable Energy Technology Transfer programme funded by the Government of Denmark.

随着扶贫工作进入新的历史时期，我们的关注点将从贫困线以下人群转移到刚刚越过贫困线的人群，他们的数量是全球极端贫困人口的3倍。[3] 换言之，我们不仅要关注绝对贫困，还要关注相对贫困。这里指的是不平等和不均衡状态，即有人无法像大多数人一样享有公共服务或体验，比如可负担的高质量教育和医疗保障。

In the next stage of the fight against poverty, the focus is now shifting from those below the poverty line, to the many living barely above it, accounting for three times more people globally than the extreme poor.[3] In other words, we must focus not only on absolute poverty, but also relative poverty. This refers to inequality and circumstances in which people cannot benefit from services or experiences that most others can, including affordable high-quality education and healthcare.

2020年2月，白雅婷女士代表UNDP将首批医疗物资移交给中国商务部，帮助抗击新冠疫情。

In February, 2020, on behalf of UNDP, Ms. Trankmann handed over the first batch of critical medical supplies to the Ministry of Commerce to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

正如新冠疫情所现，那些刚刚越过贫困线的人群仍然非常脆弱，特别是在遇到突发事件和危机时，他们很容易再次陷入贫困。2021年，全球约有1.63亿人因为传染病大流行而返贫，这相当于让减贫取得的进展倒退了6年。[4] 同其他国家一样，中国的成绩也存在不均衡性， 2020年城市人均可支配收入比农村高2.6倍以上，而自2000年以来，中国收入最底层40%人口的收入增长率约占中国收入顶层1%人口的一半。通过乡村振兴战略，政府正努力缩小这些差距。当然，城市也有脆弱人群，包括数百万从事零工经济的人群，因此，通过社会福利改革来为他们提供保障也至关重要。

As COVID-19 has demonstrated, those living only just above the poverty line still remain very vulnerable, especially amid sudden shocks and crises, and can easily slip back into poverty. In 2021, around 163 million people globally were pushed back into poverty by the pandemic, reversing roughly 6 years of progress.[4] As in other countries, progress in China also remains uneven. Urban per capita disposable income in 2020 was more than 2.6 times higher than the rural level, while since 2000, incomes of the bottom 40 percent have grown at roughly half of the rate of the top 1 percent. Through its Rural Revitalization strategy, the government aims to narrow these divides. Of course, vulnerable populations also exist within urban areas, including millions of people in the informal economy, so it is critical to protect them too, via social welfare reforms.

2021年7月，时任中国外交部长王毅与白雅婷女士和与会人员出席由中国商务部与国家国际发展合作署在北京共同举办的南南合作援助基金和南南合作与发展学院成立5周年纪念活动。

Former Foreign Minister Wang Yi (fourth from the left) with Ms Trankmann and participants in July 2021 at the 5th anniversary of the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund (SSCAF) andthe Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development (ISSCAD) organized by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce and the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) in Beijing.

最后，如果我们不同时保护环境，任何保护生计和防止贫困的努力都毫无意义。而40%的就业直接依赖于一个健康稳定的环境，其中包括占中国就业人数1/4的农业岗位。在全球范围内，增加对可再生能源的投资可能会在未来30年使该行业的就业岗位翻两番，达到4,200万个。[5] 因此，转向低碳经济是未来创造就业和战胜贫困的关键。

Lastly, any efforts to protect livelihoods and prevent poverty in the future are meaningless if we don’t also protect the environment. 40 percent of all jobs on Earth. This includes many jobs in agriculture, accounting for a quarter of employment in China. Globally, boosting investments into renewable energy could quadruple jobs in this sector to 42 million globally in the next 30 years.[5] As such, shifting to a lowcarbon economy is key to creating jobs and preventing poverty in future.

您如何看待中国在应对气候变化、节能减排等方面的政策与行动？UNDP与中国是否已就此开展合作，有哪些案例或故事可以分享给读者朋友？

What’s your view on China’s policies and actions in responding climate change, energy conservation and emission reduction? Has UNDP cooperated with China in this field, and are there any cases or stories that you could share with our readers?

白雅婷：

随着世界面临日益严重的气候变化威胁，中国所作的关于停止向海外燃煤电厂提供融资支持，在2030年前实现碳达峰、 2060年前实现碳中和的承诺至关重要。中国通过“十四五”规划和“1+N”政策体系等表现出坚定的政治承诺，并在钢铁、能源和运输等关键行业确定减排目标和政策，为中国实现气候目标提供了清晰的路线图。中国已经是太阳能和风能等可再生能源的世界领先者，占全球可再生能源装机量的近1/3，[6] 中国的目标是到2030年，其发电能源结构的一半是可再生能源。

As the world confronts the growing threat of climate change, China’s pledges—to stop financing coal power plants overseas, peak carbon emissions before 2030 and become carbon neutral before 2060—are critical. It has shown political commitment to meet these goals through the 14th Five-Year Plan and 1+N strategy as well as emission reduction targets and policies for key sectors such as steel, energy and transport that offer roadmaps to advancing the transformation towards a low-carbon economy. China is already a world leader in renewable energies such as solar and wind, accounting for nearly one third of renewable energy installed globally, [6] and aims to have half its energy for power generation to be derived from renewables by 2030.

为减少关键部门的碳排放量，在全球环境基金的资金支持下， UNDP正在与中国合作，通过节能技术来提高公共建筑能效。我们已帮助公共建筑累计减少碳排放量55,700吨，相当于节省了北京直飞纽约的18,200多个航班的碳排放量。此外，我们还帮助中国探索清洁能源交通领域氢能技术的商业化之路，这包括支持在中国8个城市建立燃料电池汽车示范项目，同时辅助开展氢能技术职业培训。

To support the reduction of carbon footprints in key sectors, with funding assistance from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), UNDP is working with China to enhance energy efficiency in public buildings via energy efficient technologies and energy conservation. As part of these efforts, we helped to cutting cumulative carbon emissions from public buildings by 55,700 tons—equivalent to saving more than 18,200 flights from Beijing to New York. Additionally, we helped to commercialize hydrogen-based clean energy transport, including support in establishing Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) demonstration sites in eight Chinese cities, along with hydrogen vocational training.

联合国开发计划署与生态环境部开展《中国清洗行业含氢氯氟烃淘汰管理计划》，由蒙特利尔议定书多边基金提供资金支持。图为清洗行业工人正在使用无消耗臭氧层物质的溶剂清洗及组装针头。

Supported by the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol, UNDP is jointly working with the Ministry of Ecology and Environment to implement for the Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) Production Phase-out Management Plan in the solvent sector in China. The photos show workers cleaning and assembling needles with solvents that are Ozone Depleting Substances free.

融资是实现气候目标的关键。中国要实现碳中和，就要在2020至2050年间，在能源转型方面额外投资20万亿美元。[7] 为了填补这一资金缺口，公共投资必须从对气候负向领域转向对气候正向领域，特别是加大力度逐步淘汰有害补贴。

Financing is key to turning climate goals into reality. For China to realize carbon neutrality, an additional 20 trillion USD investment in energy transitions is required between 2020 and 2050.[7] To fill this funding gap, public investments must be redirected from areas that are climate-negative, to those that are climate-positive. This would include in particular ramping up efforts to phase out harmful subsidies.

政策激励可以引导商业投资流向绿色发展。碳定价等市场工具也必须发挥作用，实际上中国在建立了世界上最大的碳排放交易体系后，就已经开始利用这些工具了。货币政策工具，如中国人民银行的“碳减排支持工具”，也发出了重要的市场信号，鼓励更多资本投向绿色和低碳领域。[8]

Policy incentives can also be created for corporate investments into green development. Market tools like carbon pricing must play a role, which China is already beginning to harness, after establishing the world’s largest emissions trading system (ETS). Monetary policy tools, like the People Bank of China’s Carbon Emission Reduction Facility (CERF), are also sending important market signals encouraging more capital to be directed into green and low-carbon areas.[8]

2022年11月，白雅婷女士主持“低碳转型融资高层政策论坛”全体会议。

In November, 2022, Ms. Trankmann moderated the plenary session of the International High-level Policy Forum on Financing for Low-carbon Transition.

令人鼓舞的是，中国金融机构正通过不同方式作出积极反应。中国五大银行已加入气候相关财务信息披露工作组，[9] 此为一项旨在提高市场透明度和推动气候融资主流化的金融倡议。2021年，中国绿色债券市场较上年增长了1倍多，达到1095亿美元，无论是绝对值还是百分比，都是前5年中增长最显著的年度。[10]

It is encouraging that Chinese financial institutions are positively reacting through different means. The five biggest banks in China have joined the Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosures [9], a global initiative to boost market transparency and mainstream climate finance. China’s labelled green bond market more than doubled to USD 109.5 billion in 2021 from the previous year, representing the most substantial annual increment by both absolute value and by percentage over the prior five years. [10]

为加速资本流向最需要的地方，实现包容性的低碳转型和可持续发展目标， UNDP制定了可持续发展目标影响力标准和可持续发展投融资支持项目目录。金砖国家新开发银行（ NDB）采用了这套标准，在中国银行间市场发行了50亿元人民币债券，以支持中国经济从新冠肺炎疫情中复苏。这标志着多边银行首次采用UNDP的可持续发展目标影响力标准并用于实践。我们还为银行间市场交易商协会推出的第一个社会债券和可持续债券试点项目提供了技术支持，为中国市场的可持续性融资打开创新机遇。自试点方案启动以来已发行2次。

To support these efforts to accelerate the flow of capital to where it is needed the most —towards an inclusive low carbon transition and the SDGs, UNDP has developed SDG Impact standards and SDG finance taxonomies. Those standards were applied by New Development Bank (NDB) in issuing of a RMB 5 billion Bond on China’s interbank market to finance a sustainable recovery from COVID. This marked the first time that a multilateral Bank applied UNDP’s SDG Impact Standards and tested them in practice. We also provided technical inputs for the first pilot on social bonds and sustainability bonds launched by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors (NAFMII), opening new opportunities for sustainable finance in the Chinese market. Two issuances have already taken place since the launch of the pilot programme.

2022年9月，白雅婷女士出席中国可持续发展投融资国际论坛并作主旨发言。

In September 2022, Ms. Trankmann spoke at the China SDG Finance International Forum 2022.

在我们所有的计划和宣传工作中，首要事项是确保创造绿色经济，不让任何一个人掉队。因此，我们致力于推动有助于保护能源安全和民生的政策，使包括弱势群体在内的所有人都有机会实现包容性转型。

In all our programs and advocacy work, the key priority is to ensure that efforts to create a green economy leave no one behind. As such, we promote policies that help to protect energy security and livelihoods, thereby enabling an inclusive transition with opportunities for everyone, including vulnerable groups.

在巨大的机遇中，推动绿色低碳经济发展也会影响一些群体的工作机会，其中包括矿工、传统行业工人以及依赖能源密集型和重污染行业的从业人员和地区。因此至关重要的是确保碳密集型部门尽可能平稳过渡，并将创造就业机会等社会因素与金融支持结合起来，以减缓可能发生的社会和经济负面冲击。在这方面， UNDP很高兴与中国顶尖学术机构合作，在国家和省一级进行促进转型就业影响循证分析，以便制定更有效的政策和决策。

Dispite great opportunities, transitioning to a green, low carbon economy will also disrupt job opportunities for certain groups. These include miners, traditional industry workers, and communities and regions relying on energy-intensive and heavily polluting sectors. It is crucial to ensure that carbon intensive sectors transition as smoothly as possible and social aspects such as employment generation are linked with financial support to buffer against possible negative social and economic shocks. In this respect, UNDP is pleased to collaborate with Chinese top academic institutions to promote evidence-based analysis on the impact of the transition on employment, both at the national and provincial level, for more effective policy and decision-making.

2021年4月，在UNDP与宋庆龄基金会共同发起的“指尖上的幸福”项目推动下，来自贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州的20位绣娘来到联合国大楼与联合国工作人员交流学习。

In April, 2021, 20 ethnic minority women from Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province visited the UN compound in Beijing organized by the Weaving into Happiness Project, a joint effort between UNDP and the Song Ching Ling Foundation.

您能否介绍下UNDP目前在其他领域与中国开展的合作？

Would you please introduce the current cooperation being carried out between UNDP and China in other aspects?

白雅婷：

除了消除贫困和应对气候变化， UNDP一直关注诸多可持续发展的关键领域，把联合国制定的17个可持续发展目标之间的相互关联与政府制定的高质量发展路径、为所有人带来繁荣及与自然和谐相处的努力相结合。

Along with combatting poverty and climate change, UNDP China is focusing on many other critical aspects of sustainable development, leveraging the linkages between all 17 SDGs to support the Government’s efforts in setting China on a high-quality development path, delivering prosperity to all and in harmony with nature.

我想聚焦三个特别工作领域。

I’d like to focus on three specific workstreams:

第一，我们与中国在环境合作的另一个重点是生物多样性保护，这与气候行动有着内在联系。据估算，全球每天有200个物种灭绝， 1/5的国家可能会因野生动物栖息地遭到破坏而导致生态系统崩塌。我们与中国10多个部委机构及省份合作实施生物多样性和生态系统保护项目，提供技术援助和国际经验，为政策、规划和改革举措提供参考。我们还努力敦促环境保护立法和提升机构能力，并提高公众对生物多样性的认知。

Firstly, another key focus in our environmental cooperation with China, which is inherently linked to climate action, is biodiversity protection. An estimated 200 species go extinct everyday globally, and a fifth of all nations could see their ecosystems collapse due to wild life habitats being destroyed. We collaborate with more than 10 ministries in China and most provinces, implementing biodiversity and ecosystem conservation projects, offering technical assistance and international experiences to inform policies, planning and reforms. We also work to strengthen environmental protection legislation and institutional capacities while raising public awareness on biodiversity.

在全球环境基金的支持下，联合国开发计划署与国家林业和草原局合作，通过在中国建立一个强大、有韧性的、管理良好的东亚-澳大利西亚迁飞路线湿地保护网络，确保全球重要迁徙水鸟的安全。图为辽宁省辽河口保护区的丹顶鹤。

Supported by Global Environment Facility(GEF), UNDP cooperates National Forestry and Grassland Administration to secure the conservation of globally significant migratory waterbirds through the establishment of a robust, resilient and well-managed network of protected wetland across the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (EAAF) in China. Photo shows Red-crowned Cranes in Liaohekou Reserve in Liaoning Province.

UNDP为中国保护区的面积扩大了10万平方公里作出了积极贡献，助力中国将保护区面积扩大到近173万平方公里，占国土面积的18%。为了帮助填补每年7000亿美元生物多样性保护的资金缺口，我们也在共同努力。2021，在德国政府和挪威开发合作署的资金支持下， UNDP全球生物多样性金融倡议（ BIOFIN）扩展到中国，将山东省生物多样性保护进程与上海金融创新结合起来，让保护自然所需的资源产生叠加效应。

UNDP has contributed to the extension of protected areas in China by 100,000 square kilometers. This is part of a larger effort that has seen China’s protected areas reach approximately 1.73 million square kilometers or 18 percent of its landmass. To help fill the $700 billion annual biodiversity financing gap, we are also working together to solve it. In 2021, with funding support from the Government of Germany and Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, UNDP’s global Biodiversity Finance Initiative, BIOFIN, expanded to China, combining biodiversity protection progress in Shandong Province with the financial innovations of Shanghai, multiplying resources for protecting nature.

我们必须继续将自然置于未来发展的核心，包括加强不同部门、地区和国家的生物多样性合作与协调，以及确保土地和水资源保护战略互为支撑。中国作为联合国生物多样性大会第十五次缔约方大会主席国，在就“昆明—蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架”达成一致上发挥了领导作用，对此我们表示祝贺。

We must continue to put nature at the heart of future development, including stepping up biodiversity cooperation and coordination across different sectors, regions, as well as countries, ensuring land and water conservation strategies support each other. We congratulate China, as Chair of the UN Biodiversity Conference—COP15 —which just concluded, for its leadership and stewardship in reaching agreement on the new and ambitious Kunming -Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

2021年9月，白雅婷女士在中国昆明举办的联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会第一阶段会议中接受CGTN采访。

In September 2021, Ms. Trankmann was interviewed by CGTN during the UN Biodiversity Conference COP15 (Part I) in Kunming, China.

展望未来， UNDP通过其“自然承诺”，为2030年将《全球生物多样性框架》的目标变为现实而加倍努力。基于全球32亿美元的自然投资组合， “自然承诺”旨在推动三大转变，即全球生物多样性叙事转变、经济和金融体系转变，以及政策和实践转变，这对于加快与扩大国家行动至关重要。[11]

Looking forward, UNDP, through its ‘Nature Pledge’, is ready to step up efforts to turn the Global Biodiversity Framework’s targets into reality by 2030. Building on our worldwide USD 3.2 billion nature portfolio, the ‘Nature Pledge’ aims to catalyse three major shifts—a shift in the global narrative on biodiversity, a shift in the economic and finance system, and a shift in policy and practice. These are essential for fast tracking and scaling country actions.[11]

第二，考虑到我们不能寄希望于仅仅依靠世界上一半人口的脑力来保护我们的星球，我们正在与有关部门合作，为从事科学、技术、工程和数学领域的女性赋能，以催生创新解决方案。这包括确保女性平等获得就业、从事研究和经费支持的机会。这一点很重要，因为80%的新经济岗位预计将在以男性为主导的行业中产生。除非女性在这些领域享有相同的代表性，否则她们的需求有可能在对未来的设计与设想中被忽视。

Secondly, given that we cannot hope to protect our planet with the brainpower of only half the world, we are working with China to empower Women and Girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) to generate the innovative, game changing solutions required. This includes ensuring that women have equal access to employment, research and financing. This is important since 80 percent of new economy jobs are expected to be created in sectors dominated by men. Unless women are equally represented in these areas, their needs are at risk of being overlooked in how our future is designed.

2022年9月，白雅婷女士与参会者和工作人员一同结束了在北京联合国大楼举办的科研中的“她”力量高层政策对话，该活动由UNDP与联合国妇女署共同举办。

In September, 2022, together with participants and staff members Ms. Trankmann concluded the Police Dialogue on Women in Science organised by UNDP and UN Women in the UN compound in Beijing.

第三， UNDP还与中国合作，以加强其国际参与可持续性，通过南南合作方式，引导其做到绿色、包容和惠及最弱势群体，以推动全球可持续发展目标的实现。例如， UNDP在中国和亚太地区分享灾害风险管理和农业知识，促进中国和非洲之间的可再生能源技术转让。具体而言， UNDP提供技术建议，帮助制定相关政策、战略和方案，使其与国际规范和标准保持一致。我们还为中国发展领域的践行者提供平台，与全球伙伴接触与合作，为在全球范围内加快可持续发展目标进程提供最佳实践、资源和经验。

Thirdly, UNDP also works with China to strengthen the sustainability of its international engagements, guiding them to be green, inclusive, and benefiting the most vulnerable, including via SouthSouth cooperation, to advance global SDG progress. For example, UNDP shared disaster risk management and agricultural knowledge between China and countries in the Asia Pacific region, as well as facilitated renewable energy technology transfers between China and Africa. Specifically, UNDP offers technical advice to help shape relevant policies, strategies and programmes, so that they build on international norms and standards. We also provide platforms for Chinese development actors to engage with partners globally, generating a pool of best practices, resources and experience to accelerate SDG progress internationally.

联合国开发计划署期待着与所有利益相关方——从公民社会到政府、私营部门，学术界以及其他部门持续合作，支持中国为其人民和整个地球创建一个更安全、更稳定与繁荣的未来所作出的努力。

Moving ahead, UNDP looks forward to continued cooperation with all stakeholders— from civil society, to the government, the private sector, universities and others—to support China in the effort to deliver a more stable, safe and prosperous future for all its people and the planet.

参考资料 References

1.Avoiding 8 MillionTonnes of CO2 Emissions Annually, Norfund: https://www.norfund.no/ avoiding-8-million-tonnes-co2-emissions-annually/

2.Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution,The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China , April 6, 2021 http:// english.scio.gov.cn/whitepapers/2021-04/06/ content_77380652_7.htm

3.Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 – Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle,’World Bank, 2018, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/ poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2018 4.https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/updatedestimates-impact-covid-19-global-poverty-lookingback-2020-and-outlook-2021 5.https://irena.org/newsroom/pressreleases/2020/ Apr/Renewable-energy-can-support-resilient-andequitable-recovery (see full report from IRENA here: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/ Agency/Publication/2020/Apr/IRENA_Global_ Renewables_Outlook_2020.pdf)

6. I R E N A , 2021 h t t p s : / / w w w . i r e n a . o r g / publications/2021/Aug /Renewable -energystatistics-2021

7.Launch of the Outcome of the Research on China’s Long-term Low-carbon Development Strategy and Pathway, Tsinghua Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, 2020 8.http://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/3688006/3995557/4508973/ index.html

9.Support TCFD | Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (fsb-tcfd.org) 10.https://www.climatebonds.net/resources/ reports/china-green-bond-market-report-2021

11.https://undp.sharepoint.com/teams/BPPSPortal/SitePages/CBDCOP15/COP15-Home.aspx